局部热源法在建筑节能现场检测中的应用

提出了采用局部常功率热源法现场检测墙体传热系数的方法。介绍了使用该方法进行传热系数稳态检测的理论依据,设计了实验测试系统。编制了三维稳态导热程序,模拟了多组不同边界条件下的墙体传热过程,并建立了用于墙体传热系数辨识的神经网络,辨识结果与理论值吻合较好。     

Is the association between temperature and mortality modified by age, gender and socio-economic status?

Background

A number of studies have examined the relationship between high ambient temperature and mortality. Recently, concern has arisen about whether this relationship is modified by socio-demographic factors. However, data for this type of study is relatively scarce in subtropical/tropical regions where people are well accustomed to warm temperatures.

Objective

To investigate whether the relationship between daily mean temperature and daily all-cause mortality is modified by age, gender and socio-economic status (SES) in Brisbane, Australia.

Methods

We obtained daily mean temperature and all-cause mortality data for Brisbane, Australia during 1996-2004. A generalised additive model was fitted to assess the percentage increase in all deaths with every one degree increment above the threshold temperature. Different age, gender and SES groups were included in the model as categorical variables and their modification effects were estimated separately.

Results

A total of 53,316 non-external deaths were included during the study period. There was a clear increasing trend in the harmful effect of high temperature on mortality with age. The effect estimate among women was more than 20 times that among men. We did not find an SES effect on the percent increase associated with temperature.

Conclusions

The effects of high temperature on all deaths were modified by age and gender but not by SES in Brisbane, Australia.     

海绵城市建设在旧城区改造工程设计中的应用

通过雨水的合理收集、利用与适时补充地下水,达到缓解水资源紧张和保护生态环境的目的,海绵城市建设在城市旧城区改造工程中的应用,有着重大现实而长远的意义。济南市舜园小区的海绵城市设计思路是以"渗""滞"为主、"蓄""用"结合,设施分散、就地消纳雨水。建设模式彰显了雨水的自然积存、自然渗透和自然净化,是一种绿色可持续的雨水排放模式。设计人员从汇水分区入手,完善排水系统,结合LID设施提升场地设计到优化路面及改造微地形,秉持了低影响、低成本、因地制宜及特色创新的设计原则,在改善济南市人民群众居住环境的同时,打造出海绵城市建设的亮点,彰显了示范作用。     

大气浑然的时代建筑:记福建省博物馆创作

福建省博物馆是福建省近年来最重要的大型文化项目之一，本文就该馆的设计，从自然性、文化性、地方性、标志性等几个方面做了深入浅出的阐述，同时也论述了其设计的主要手法和风格。     

绿屋面系统对比研究

本文对欧洲和北美绿屋面系统的分类方法进行了介绍,对生态屋面与普通屋顶花园在建造成本、资源占用、对城市生态环境的影响等多方面进行了对比,提出应根据绿建筑评估标准(LEED)来进行绿屋面选型,并加强生态屋面系统技术的基础研究工作。     

考虑结构局部反应特征的时程分析法输入地震波研究

时程分析法在实用中多采用"3 1"的小样本容量地震波输入方式,该选波方案一般依据基底剪力、顶点位移等结构整体反应指标而取得。为提高时程分析法对构件局部地震变形需求的控制能力,以按我国规范设计的典型钢筋混凝土框架为算例,在OpenSees分析平台上,分别进行了30条地震波的大样本和以"3 1"选波方案为例的小样本地震波在罕遇烈度下的非线性时程反应分析。在对地震反应进行统计回归分析后,将小样本分析所得各反应量的均值、均值加1倍标准差等统计特征值与大样本统计结果进行比较,着重考察框架的塑性铰分布、构件转角延性等局部反应。研究结果表明,"3 1"分析方法所得的框架整体变形能较好地与大样本分析结果相符,但多数构件端部转角延性的"3 1"分析均值偏小,建议增加小样本分析的地震波数量。     

独塔斜拉桥钢混结合段应力分析

以西安浐灞河生态区大门桥梁工程2号桥--双索独塔混合梁斜拉桥钢混结合段为例进行局部分析,讲述了采用有限元模型进行准确分析的详细方法,并对局部分析结果与整体分析结果进行了对比.     

Management of bridges with shallow foundations exposed to local scour

Abstract

The Serbian road network includes a large portion of bridges with shallow foundations vulnerable to local scour as tragically demonstrated during the extreme flooding in May 2014. Currently, the bridge management procedures in Serbia and worldwide do not comprehensively account for a risk of bridge failure due to flooding and fail to provide sufficient information for the decision-making. Thus, a novel methodology for quantitative vulnerability assessment is suggested as a tool to identify the most vulnerable bridges in a network. Herein, the essential task is evaluation of the conditional probability of a bridge failure due to local scour in a flooding event of a certain magnitude. To apply this approach on a network level, there is a dire need to establish precise practice-ready guidelines on an optimal set of information to be used and/or collected in situ, which is discussed on an example of the Serbian bridge database. The vulnerability of a bridge to local scour may be used as a comprehensive indicator of a bridge performance in a flooding event. For a network level, the vulnerability maps with respect to flooding of different magnitudes will give road operators crucial information to apply adequate quality control plans to vulnerable bridges.     

热力站的本地控制方式

介绍了采用S7-300系列控制器的间接连接式热力站、混水连接式热力站本地控制系统的控制器模块组成及输入、输出参数的选取。分析了S7-300系列控制器的主要功能。探讨了两种热力站的本地控制方式。     

Impact in Scotland of UK and EC Sewage Legislation

The EC Directive (91/271/EEC) concerning urban waste water treatment has far-reaching financial and technological implications for local authorities in Scotland which are responsible for sewerage. Increased capital consent limits and additional financial assistance from central government are essential if the requirements of the legislation are to be met.
Although the Directive is welcomed in general terms, the sections of the legislation dealing with the identification of sensitive waters and the provision of primary treatment for coastal discharges to less sensitive waters are of limited environmental significance in Scotland.
The elimination of sewage sludge disposal at sea will create severe difficulties for Scottish authorities as a high percentage of sewage sludge is currently disposed of at sea. Each of the main alternative disposal options presents environmental, financial and technical problems and, in the case of incineration, the certainty of widespread unpopularity with the public.